Statistics for Business and Economics Question Answers Free Essays

Sidents with a safety buffer of 1 moment, what test size ought to be utilized? Accept certainty. test size ought to be utilized 151 37. Towers Perrin, a New York human asset counseling firm, led a study of 1100 representatives at medium-sized and enormous organizations to decide how disappointed workers were with their Jobs (The Wall Street Journal, January 29, 2003). We will compose a custom paper test on Insights for Business and Economics Question Answers or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Delegate information are appeared in the document JobSatisfaction. A reaction of Yes shows the representative unequivocally detested the present work understanding. What is the point gauge of the extent of the number of inhabitants in representatives who unequivocally detest their present work understanding? - p=473+1100=0. 43 ? Point gauge is 0. 43 At 95% certainty, what is the room for give and take? Z_O. 025 0 Margtn of blunder 0. 0293 What Is the 95% certainty stretch for the extent of the number of inhabitants in representatives who firmly detest their present work understanding? - p? ±O. 0293 0 The 95% certainty Interval is 0. 4007 to 0. 4593 Towers Perrin gauges that It costs managers 33% of an hourly employee’s yearly compensation to discover a replacement and so much The most effective method to refer to Statistics for Business and Economics Question Answers, Papers

In my opinion, Macbeth is a tragic hero Essay Example For Students

As I would like to think, Macbeth is an appalling legend Essay I consider a to be saint as a character who is respected and cherished and followed all through the play, and is purchased somewhere near a blemish in their character followed by destiny. Macbeth is a courageous legend, exceptionally positioned by his own family and society, just as the nation. I see the explanation behind this, be that as it may, as the accompanying: He is a savage. He is a fierce, blood-cherishing butcher, and these are the exercises, which got him to the status at which he is, a general in the rulers armed force, and Thane of Glamis. The witches would be viewed as an otherworldly nearness in the play to the Shakespearian crowd, while the cutting edge crowd would see sensible clarifications to all that occurs. Macbeth has a rough character, and these witches could simply be frantic ladies who incite his clouded side. Be that as it may, the witches are introduced in the play as ladies with otherworldly powers who make the day go to night which can be clarified basically by a sun oriented shroud and who cause him to fantasize; is this a blade which I see before me, the handle towards my handI have thee not, yet I see thee still㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ The blade drives Macbeth to the bedside of the ruler, where Macbeth executes lord Duncan. This could have been controlled and arranged by the witches, or could be Macbeths attitude joined with his savage nature. Be that as it may, on the off chance that it is completely constrained by the witches, this would show that Macbeth isn't actually capable consequently the crowd symapthise with him. Ruler James I was extremely intrigued by witches and black magic, as was most the populace at the hour of shakespear. At the point when Shakespeare composed this for ruler James he ensured it would speak to him. Ruler James had faith in black magic and otherworldly powers. He accepted that a gathering of witches endeavored regicide against him. Counting his predecessor, Banquo, in the story likewise helped with permitting the lord to see his own appearance in the play, particularly in the area of the 8 rulers, where lord James is the eighth ruler. Thou shalt get lords, thought thou be none this was said to Banquo in act 1 scene 3, incidentally; Banquo is top dog Jamess precursor. Significantly after the Shakespearian time frame, general society were intrigued by black magic. So interested, that they included another scene in the play, highlighting Hecate, goddess of black magic. Act 3 scenes 5 The Shakespearian crowd and the Elizabethan crowd would have believed the witches to be the most impressive component in the play. The principal scene and demonstration of the play is of the witches. Dramatic impacts, similar to roar and lightning, are arranged to include impacts and interest the crowd. Dim, desolate and insidious impacts are utilized to speak to the witches and their authority over Macbeth. The primary scene contains a notice of meeting Macbeth; this gives aâ clear connection to him. The witches likewise examine in which climate conditions they wish to meet; this could be trusting that the following specific conditions will meet in or picking what climate circumstance to CREATE for their gathering with Macbeth. The witches intend to play with Macbeths psyches and lead him to the dull way on which they track. This would intrigue the Elizabethan crowd extraordinarily, as they didn't have our advanced science and thinking. The accepted that witches did to be sure exist, and had heavenly powers to control and delight themselves with normal human personalities. An Elizabethan crowd at Hampton Court in 1606 would have discovered this incredible and captivating, and Shakespeares depiction of the witches in front of an audience may have even left them feeling tired or shaken.] The environment the witches appeared to make was mystical; it was dim and dull yet amazing, and at times, entertaining. They generally appeared to show up when the climate conditions are poor or inside a tempest, and in dimness. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Her rough fingers㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦skinny lips㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦your beards㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ This is Banquos depiction of the witches in Act 1 Scene 3, Macbeth and Banquos first experience with the witches. Her uneven fingers, which means dried out, red and harsh, would be basic as they worked with their hands, in planting, cooking and so on alongside thin lips. These were mainstream highlights for lower and regular workers ladies. The Witches In MacBeth Essay SummaryHe really wishes to become ruler and trusts in his expectation to work out as the past one did. This statement was said to lord Duncan himself, thus he didn't wish to uncover his wants to assume ruler Duncans position. At the point when the King goes through a night at Macbethsâ castle, Macbeth and his significant other see the chance to kill him. After becoming aware of the witches, Lady Macbeth was anxious to satisfy her own and her spouses predetermination that she accepted lay in these expectation; she supported the homicide of ruler Duncan. They arranged the homicide, and she energized him however this is just my view. The witches appeared to have had a more grounded impact in the homicide of Duncan. Macbeth pictured a blade before him driving him to Duncans bedside, he couldn't contact the knife up to that point; Is this a blade which I see before meà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦I have thee not yet I see thee still㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Macbeth kills the ruler and proceeds with his life coolly; this stuns the crowd, as they no longer realize whether to think of him as a scalawag or a legend. In act 4 scene 1 Macbeth comes back to the witches eagerly, as I would see it, to discover answers and more expectations. He wishes to know his future. When Macbeth initially hears that he can't be vanquished by anybody Woman conceived he acknowledges his destiny figuring no individual can slaughter him, however he feels that he should know whether Banquo blood will rule? Will Banquos issue ever rule this realm? This is the place the 8 lords are appeared and in the eighth rulers hands, a glass, which were to show ruler James reflection. Ruler James was extremely enamored with this specific play since he could see himself, his precursor and his convictions playing upon the phase before him. Toward the finish of act2 scene 1, Macbeth understands that whatever expectations the witches had made had and would keep on working out, and it was his own anxiety that got him the issues that he s currently languishing. Before Macbeth is executed, he says these shuffling topics no more accepted that patter with us from a twofold perspective that keep the expression of guarantee to ear, and break it to our expectation, this is the place he had understood the witches had given him a two sided connotation. Macduff had been brought into the world through a cesarean area, which implied he was less than ideal torn from his moms belly, not conceived normally. I think Shakespeare planned us, as his crowd, to feel a blend of compassion offense, against Macbeth. He is appeared all through the play as a merciless executioner affected by black magic. Toward the finish of the play the Elizabethan crowd would have felt compassion toward Macbeth since he understands he has been deceived by the witches these shuffling subjects no more accepted that patter with us in a twofold senseact 5 scene 8 The witches show signs all through the play of there influence on Macbeth. For instance his follow like state, look how our accomplices riveted act1 scene 3. Likewise Macbeths changed appearance for what reason do u make such faces act1 scene 4, this perhaps through the witches impact or his own feeling of remorse. Macbeth additionally has anâ inability to ask, Amen/stuck in my throat㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ This could e the witches and their insidious ways removing Macbeth from god, or Macbeths own inner voice rebuffing him for his own malicious musings and doings. Pipedreams and dreams what is this I see, a blade before me? there are various explanations behind visualizations, but since the Elizabethan crowd would not have thought of any of these, solitary that the witches were mindful. There are different models likewise, that the Elizabethan crowd would consider the witches liable for, similar to Macbeths absence of dread, upset conduct, lack of interest to life and furthermore greeting to detestable spirits. When concentrating essentially on the heavenly subtleties of the play, the witches appeared to me as the most impressive component of the play, in any case, Macbeth appeared to be a force hungry distraught killer, however once more, this is just my feeling. The Elizabethan crowd would believe the witches to be the most remarkable component into the play.

Must-Read Books for New High School Graduates To Become Engaged Citizens.

Must-Read Books for New High School Graduates To Become Engaged Citizens. It’s that time of year when high school graduates walk across that stage and out into the world, whether that is straight into the workforce or perhaps onward to college. We asked Rioters to recommend books for new high school graduates to read and here’s what we came up with. Long Way Down by Jason Reynolds A short book that can be read in one sitting, written in verse, about the epidemic of gun violence in America. This should absolutely be required reading for so many reasons, but most of all because Reynolds created a story that’s current with so many of the hallmarks we find in the classics that are taught over and over again. Our nation’s students are literally on the front lines of this widespread conflict and they deserve to have authors like Reynolds there to articulate what’s happening and open an avenue for discussion and understanding. Dana Lee Teaching to Transgress by bell hooks This might seem like an odd choice, since hooks’ intended audience are college teachers, but students can learn so much by considering education from the teacher’s perspective. Particularly in this collection of essays, where hooks explains how college professors need to be more subversive from leading discussions that confront class/race/gender differences to encouraging confessional narratives. Ultimately, she argues for a feminist classroom, and I think by reading this students can learn how they as students can engage with their professors and the question what they’re learning. I would recommend this for high school grads going off to college. Margaret Kingsbury So You Want to Talk About Race by Ijeoma Oluo Leaving high school and heading into the adult world means that you are going to start being a part of more nuanced conversations on big topics, including the issue of race. This book is a particularly great resource for learning about your own privilege and about the complexities of this topic. Danielle Bourgon We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie Let me start by saying yes, I recognize and disagree with the TERF-y nonsense that this author has said and it is not to be taken lightly. In regards to this book in particular, I think there are many things that every new adult should know about the society we live in and ways we treat and support each other. Feminism is for everyone and the earlier we can get that message across in someone’s life the better off society will be in the future. Patricia Elzie-Tuttle Travel as a Political Act by Rick Steves After high school, I was curious about the world outside of my hometown, but travel was just an abstract concept until I stumbled upon an opportunity to study abroad in college. Now I’m the biggest evangelist for travel after high school of anyone I know. In this book, Rick Steves talks about the why behind travel by going on the ground in different countries and examining perspectives that seem foreign to a lot of Americans. I think it’s a great book for anyone who hopes to travel abroad at any point, and for those who don’t, I think it will convince them why they should if they get a chance. If anything, just by reading the book, the reader gets to try on ideas from cultures all over the world, which will give them a broader perspective on their surroundings and the world at large. Emily Polson Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates Though only 150 pages, Between the World and Me is the most powerful book on race in America that I have ever read. I’m pretty sure my high school self would have struggled with it, because, yes, it’s heavy, and because there are so many layers to it, so much to unpack and exploreand that’s exactly why I think every high school graduate should read it. It’s the kind of book that teenagers should struggle with. Coates does something exceedingly rare: this book is written in stunningly beautiful prose, full of perfect sentences that took my breath away, and it is also incredibly smart and deeply relevant. It’s not a book written for white people, but it’s one that white people absolutely should read, and so teenagers of different races will have vastly different experiences reading it. That’s another reason this book should be required reading for high school grads: it will spark real, hard, and honest thought and conversation. Laura Sackton

Case 3.1 Hy Dairies - 1695 Words

Case Study 3.1 HY DAIRIES, INC. Discussion Questions: 1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. The case covers issues of how perceptions affect individual decision-making process. As an introduction, Syd Gilman, the vice marketing president at Hy Dairies perceived Rochelle Beauport as a potential marketing staff responsible to improve the sagging sales of Hy’s gourmet ice cream brand, thus decided to reward her with a new post of a marketing research coordinator that was taken by him as a valuable post in marketimg field. Rochelle Beauport, unfortunately had a different perceptions and expectations that leading her into a difficult decision making situation of whether to†¦show more content†¦In the second stage, social identification, we adopt the identity of the group we have categorised ourselves as belonging to. If for example you have categorised yourself as a student, the chances are you will adopt the identity of a student and begin to act in the ways you believe students act (and conform to the norms of the group). There will be an emotional signific ance to your identification with a group, and your self-esteem will become bound up with group membership. Again, Gilman had identified himself and Beauport as Hy Dairies’ member that was not true for Beauport who was very new and in different job hierarchy unlike Gilman. Thus, she did not identify herself with Hy dairies and Gilman. The final stage is social comparison. Once we have categorised ourselves as part of a group and have identified with that group we then tend to compare that group with other groups. If our self-esteem is to be maintained our group needs to compare favourably with other groups. This is critical to understanding prejudice, because once two groups identify themselves as rivals they are forced to compete in order for the members to maintain their self-esteem. Competition and hostility between groups is thus not only a matter of competing for resources (like in Sherif’s Robbers Cave) like jobs but also the result of competing identities. Referring to the case, since Beauport had not identified herself with Hy Dairies, yetShow MoreRelatedHys Dairies Case Study Essay1094 Words   |  5 Pages| Case Study 3.1 | Hy Dairies, Ltd. | | Rochelle Beauport, Assistant Brand Manager at Hy Dairies, is a member of a visible minority group. She enjoys her position with the company as she finds it both challenging and it has the ability to directly impact the company’s profitability. During her most recent annual performance review, Beauport was offered a new position as a Market Research Co-ordinator. This position is a lateral move. Syd Gilman, the Vice President of Marketing, is offeringRead MoreHy Dairies Case Study Essay664 Words   |  3 PagesSample Assignment   Read Case Study 3.1, Hy Dairies, on pages 85 and 86 in your textbook, and answer Discussion Questions 1–3 on your own before checking the suggested answers below.   Suggested Answers to Case 3.1   1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. It may seem that this case involves stereotyping—specifically, that Syd Gilman has stereotyped Rochelle Beauport. In fact, there is no apparent evidence of this stereotypingRead MoreHy Diaries Inc899 Words   |  4 PagesCase study 3.1: HY DAIRIES, INC. 1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. Stereotyping is the process of assigning traits to people on the basis of their membership in a social category. Stereotypes generally have some inaccuracies, some overestimation or underestimation of real differences, and some degree of accuracy. One problem with stereotyping is that stereotypes under certain conditions, such as the degree to which theyRead MoreHy Diaries Inc913 Words   |  4 PagesCase study 3.1: HY DAIRIES, INC. 1. Apply your knowledge of stereotyping and social identity theory to explain what went wrong here. Stereotyping is the process of assigning traits to people on the basis of their membership in a social category. Stereotypes generally have some inaccuracies, some overestimation or underestimation of real differences, and some degree of accuracy. One problem with stereotyping is that stereotypes under certain conditions, such as the degree to whichRead MoreI Love Reading Essay69689 Words   |  279 PagesAnnexure III : Annexure IV : Annexure V : Table of Contents iii List of Figures Figure 1.1 : Figure 1.2 : Figure 2.1 : Figure 2.2 : Figure 2.3 : Figure 2.4 : Figure 2.5 : Figure 2.6 : Figure 2.7 : Figure 2.8 : Figure 2.9 : Figure 2.10 : Figure 3.1 : Figure 3.2 : Figure 3.3 : Figure 3.4 : Figure 3.5 : Figure 4.1 : Figure 4.2 : Figure 4.3 : Figure 4.4 : Figure 4.5 : Figure 4.6 : Figure 4.7 : Figure 4.8 : Entrepreneurship Pyramid Registration of new companies according to nature of economic activity

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Mun,delegate of australia Free Essays

The delegate of Australia Is very excited to collaborate with delegates and participate In this prestigious conference. Today our delegation Is here to discuss two of the most aggravating issues in the world. It is a great concern to our people, and we are sure that it is a great concern to the entire world as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Mun,delegate of australia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The house is here to firstly discuss the Rebuilding South Sedan’s Economy, following its Recent Independence and Ongoing Conflict with Sudan. As a new nation, South Sudan is building some of TTS institutions from the very start, with core administrative structures and mechanisms of political representation beginning to emerge. The Government Is still struggling to provide basic services for the majority of the population. Since the country independence in July 201 1, high inflation has been affecting the economy, which remains relatively undeveloped. Secondly, the HIVE virus, most commonly known as AIDS. AS all of you are aware, Eliminating Stigma and Discrimination Against those Infected with HIVE/. They tend too suffers from a tremendous lack of lath care, which accelerates the population’s death rate. The HEADWINDS is affecting 1. 1 million people in the country,therefore they are forced to leave their homes and are left In poverty. CLC. Due to Its history of so many civil wars, diseases and death rates are always increasing in The widespread destruction of homes and hospitals has left children without families and many people with sicknesses and injuries. Because of the country poverty, state health facilities offer no treatment for HIVE/AIDS other than voluntary tests and council. The HEADWINDS virus acts as a significant brake on the economic growth and development of the country, since the people affected are forced to leave their Jobs. For these reasons we urge all delegates of the house to vote In favor of our resolution. TLS delegate of Australia wishes to contribute and collaborate with other delegates to solve these very urgent issues. Thank you for your attention Topic 1: after decades of brutal civil war that left two and a half million dead, the devastated and vastly underdeveloped southern part of Sudan secured Its Independence In 011. The world’s youngest country came into existence amid great challenges. Secession from Sudan marked a major milestone and opportunity for South Sudanese, but the nascent state has remained fragile. During its first years of independence, an oil standoff with neighboring Sudan, inter-communal violence, persistent rebellions by splinter militia groups, increasingly constrained political space, corruption, and limited economic opportunities troubled the young nation. Then, In 2013. Power struggle within the ruling political party mutated Into an armed conflict, first on the streets of the capital city, and then across the country. South Sedan’s latest war has killed thousands and displaced almost one million people. Although a cessation of hostilities agreement has since been signed, it is not being enforced. As South Sudanese seek to move forward, they have to build stable inclusive national dialogue process, security sector reform, and real accountability measures are ne eded to address the root causes of South Sedan’s violence. Otherwise, the continued violence raises the specter of further atrocity crimes, and ungenerous destabilize consequences for the region. Industry and infrastructure in landlocked South Sudan remain limited, imposing prohibitive costs on the procurement and delivery of relief items and other operational activities. Seasonal rains and annual flooding render large parts of the country inaccessible by road between June and November. Inter-ethnic conflicts continue in various parts of the country, causing internal and cross-border displacement. In Jingle, more than 132,000 were displaced by August 2013. The rate of refugee influxes from Sudan remains considerable, with almost 6,700 individuals registered between January and August 2013 in Unity and Upper Nile states. The South Sudanese authorities continue to provide protection and safety for over 234,000 refugees in the country and have allocated land for two new refugee camps in Unity and Upper Nile States. Following the creation of the Commission for Refugee Affairs in early 2013, the authorities established a regular presence in the refugee-hosting areas, ensuring effective coordination with humanitarian actors on the ground. In a newly independent nation, parts of the population remain at risk of coming stateless by virtue of being of mixed Sudanese-South Sudanese parentage, originating from border areas, or having resided in Sudan for an extended period of time. TOPIC 2 actors that contribute to Wealds-related stigma include: HIVE/AIDS is a life-threatening disease, and therefore people react to it in strong ways. HIVE infection is associated with behaviors (such as homosexuality, drug addiction, prostitution or promiscuity) that are already stigmatize in many societies. Most people become infected with HIVE through sex, which often carries moral baggage. There is a lot of inaccurate information about how HIVE is transmitted, creating irrational behavior and misconceptions of personal risk. HIVE infection is often thought to be the result of personal irresponsibility. Religious or moral beliefs lead some people to believe that being infected with HIVE is the result of moral fault (such as promiscuity or ‘deviant sex’) that deserves to be punished. The effects of intervocalic therapy on people’s physical appearance can result in forced disclosure and discrimination based on appearance How to cite Mun,delegate of australia, Papers

Oprah Winfrey Essays - Oprah Winfrey, Television,

Oprah Winfrey Oprah Winfrey "The Oprah Winfrey Show". Her show is known to not only all over the United States, but also known to all around the world. Today she is known as the America's most famous and powerful woman. Every woman in America envies her great fortune and her intelligence. But Oprah insists that she is not special or gifted. She had overcome many hurdles and reached to the top of America's national T.V host. What makes her so popular and most loved entertainer in the United States? Oprah Winfrey, a talk show host, actress, producer and philanthropist, and business woman is the chairwoman of HARPO entertainment in Chicago. She joins the elite company of Lucille Ball and Mary Pickford, as the only woman in T.V and film to own their own production studios. Through HARPO productions, she produces and hosts America's number one popular show, "The Oprah Winfrey show". (Oprah Winfrey talk show bio 1997 p.1) Today many woman in America envies her life; her popularity, intelligence and her great fortunes. Though her success was gained from her hard work and education. She did not have any special background to be a most loved woman in America. She has overcame number of obstacles that most people have encountered in their own lives. She had to deal with poverty, sexual abuse, racism as a child, and her lifelong battle with weight. Oprah Gail Winfrey was born in Kosciusko, Mississippi on January 29, 1954. As a child, she moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, then moved back to Nashville. She has lived through poverty, repeated sexual abuse, and a sentence to a juvenile delinquent home. (Hyde 1997 p.57) Oprah was crowned Miss. Black Tennessee at age 19. In 1973. She left Tennessee State University and became a newscaster for WTVF in Nashville. Three years later, Oprah became a news anchor in Baltimore at an ABC station but after 9 months, she was pulled off the air because of an emotional ad-lib delivery. She eventually ended up in Chicago hosting a morning show called "AM Chicago". In less than a year, the show became number one and was expanded to one hour and re-named "The Oprah Winfrey Show". (http://pilot.msu.edu/user/bresnah2/oprahbio.htm 1997 p.1) From there, she has been an actress in the "Color Purple", "The women of Breuster place" and "There are no children here".(Oprah Winfrey) Today, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" is the highest rated talk show in T.V history, and seen by 15 to 20 million viewers a day in the United States and is in 132 countries. Since entering syndication in 1986, "The Oprah Winfrey Show" has remained the number one talk show for 10 consecutive seasons, receiving 25 Emmys. At the end of 1996, Oprah was honored with the most prestigious award in broadcasting, the George Foster Peaboy's Individual Achievement Award. She also received the IRTS Gold Medal Award, and was recognized by Time magazine as one of "America's 25 most influential people of 1996".(Oprah Winfrey talk show bio 1997 p1) According to US news World Report, Oprah has an ability called "Oprah effect". It is her ability to make a connection with ordinary women and through that connection, she makes herself one of the most popular women (Dickerson 1997 p.10) In spite of her wealth, she has a public's taste. She knows what ordinary women want, whatare their troubles and what they are crazy about. Stuart Fishoff, professor of media psychology at UCLA says, "viewers want to be around someone like themselves. They want a nonthreatning person they can identify with. And Oprah has a lot of same problems that many of these women has and can relate to. Viewers have no trouble envisioning her sitting home at the kitchen table in sweats and no makeup, drinking caffeine and chomping a Danish".(Stanley 1997 p.34) This feeling of closeness is Oprah's strongest point that makes her a billionaire. And to get more close with publics, Oprah picks up a book every six weeks and asks audience to talk about the title. What makes her popular are not only her talent as an entertainer but also her talent as a good announcer. She has all requirements that are necessary for a good announcer. First, she always research and prepare about the topic of the day before the show. This preparation and research makes her able to answer any kind of controversial issues. And she is always able to support both sides of the issue and never makes the audience unsatisfied or misleaded. Second, she has a high self esteem. She always has confidence and are full of energy.

The Murder By John Steinbeck essays

The Murder By John Steinbeck essays "The Murder" by John Steinbeck is a classic look at life in the rural United States in the early nineteenth century. This story is a tale of a man and his wife from a foreign country, and the differences of their cultures. Irony is very prominent in this story, and it helps to illustrate a very poignant point on the anti-feminism during the time of the story. At this time, spousal abuse was not uncommon, and was pretty much standard practice. However, "The Murder" is neither pro-feminist or anti-feminist. This story is not written with a bias, yet it is a commentary on the socialism of the time, and allows the reader to be the judge of whether it is right or wrong. Jelka and Jim are from two completely different cultures, this is evident in their behavior and attitudes. Jim is social, while Jelka is under the impression that women's job is to be a slave to her husband. Jelka has been taught that women should be seen and not heard. Jim cheats on his wife on Saturday nights with prostitutes, when he thinks she is home alone. But little does he know that she too, is having an affair, this is an example of irony. When Jim discovers his wife in bed with her cousin, he is quite upset. He begins by firing a bullet into the head of her cousin, and then whipping her. Jim gets off for the murder, as cases such as that were usually dismissed in that Jim was not the type to abuse his wife, and never had he whipped her until the morning after the incident. This was unlike him because he never had beaten her before this. After the incident, they continue their normal life together, and move further down the canyon so they can put this behinf them. Jim was not an anti-feminist man, he does not beat his wife or put her down emotionally. However, he goes into town and cheats on her with prostitutes. He thinks that his wife is clueless to his actions, but she knows that when he i ...

6 Skills You Need to Become a Call Center Representative

6 Skills You Need to Become a Call Center Representative A call center representative serves customers, first and foremost. Some job responsibilities include: answering inquiries, determining requirements, fulfilling requests, resolving problems, troubleshooting, and maintaining databases. They will most often spend the bulk of their time clarifying- either the position of the company or the parameters of the problem the customer is experiencing. Sometimes they will have an opportunity to put sales skills in action- upselling accounts, or adding features to maximize the customer’s experience. And they are responsible for representing the company and bolstering its reputation among its customers and in the world- primarily by providing excellent, detailed, and attentive customer service.Now, how to become one! Here are the top skills you’ll need to market yourself successfully for a call center representative position.1. RetentionYou may have the ability to look stuff up. But for this job, you’ll need to have the abilit y to retain what you read and learn and hear. You’ll need to memorize a vast amount of information about your company, as well as typical solutions and how to implement them. And you’ll want to be able to hear the customer’s situation once without getting confused. The goal is never having to be corrected when talking a customer through a problem because you didn’t remember the details of their predicament. You also need to know when you can’t resolve an issue on your own- and who to refer your customer to instead.2. Attention to DetailYou need this in almost every job, but it’s particularly important at a call center. You’ll be fielding a lot of the same questions every day, so you’ll want to keep an ear out for nuance and make sure you’re still giving each situation unique attention. Make sure to tick all of the possible boxes so your customer feels you truly listened to the question and solved whatever needed to be so lved.3. Flexibility/FriendlinessYou’ll have to interact with a lot of different people. Some of them will be unbearably challenging. You need to be able to be effective and considerate even when the person you are speaking with is not returning the favor. Try to treat each new customer with a new and friendly stance. And try not to let the erratic (and often long) hours make you too frustrated to perform.4. Grace Under FireA good call center rep is never flustered, even when fielding a number of irate calls and having to balance a billion little tasks. Keep your cool with the chatty person who won’t get off the phone, as well as with the terse and grumpy one. Just do your job and try to score a positive outcome and you’ll do fine.5. SpeedNeither you nor the customer has enough time to waste on this call. Make sure you know what you’re doing well enough to be efficient, even fast. Both you and your customers will thank you.6. CreativityRemember, each custo mer and situation are different. Finding a workable solution can be tough- especially if your hands are tied with company policy. Being able and willing to think on your feet to treat each customer with the respect they deserve might just mean you keep customers coming back- and that makes you look extra good during reviews.

Case Scenario Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Scenario - Assignment Example The scenario points out the massive flow of pollutants from the boatyard towards the sea. On the other hand the oil containers drips oil into the sea that is a big danger for the marine life. In the scenario, there is a massive flow of pollutant emerging from the marina and going towards the sea contaminating water and endangering the marine life. The people that visit marina complain about the pollutants and the drainage of oil from the oil containers. In this way, the major responsibility of mine is to stop the flow of pollutants into the outer environment. I will have to apply rules and regulation for the restaurant to utilize the closed container for discarding the waste material (National Pollution Prevention Roundtable 2007). The material and shape of the waste containers should in this way that it can hold the heavy storms that occur seasonally in the area. However, there are several methods to build and buy such containers, like utilizing some heavy material in the waste container would solve the problem. The material could be of non-corrosive metallic material or some other material that can resist the heavy winds and storms and even the animal activity. The other problem with the oil containers that lie on the marina can be solved by utilizing a bigger oil container on the marina instead of many 50 gallon oil containers. Moreover, the utilization of bigger tank ensures no oil leakage from the tank. The tank remains properly sealed so that no oil leaks from the tank. A proper oil pumping system would ensure that oil is filled in the boats and other vehicle properly. There is a need to consider the environmental aspect, in order to control the pollution. The problem of the loose waste from the restaurant can be solved by warning the restaurant management to keep an eye on the loose waste and make rules that fine will be imposed if the restaurant continues the act. The increase in the number of waste containers will solve the problem.

Memento (2000) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Memento (2000) - Essay Example These include a single problem facing the protagonist, comic relief and getting the audience to believe what the protagonist is fighting for. In Memento, Leonard’s mind is fixed on one thing only: track down his wife’s killer and kill them. There is comic relief in the story when Leonard’s details, such as having been an insurance investigator, and the story of Sammy, who also suffered a memory loss. The audience sympathize with Leonard. Leonard believes the second attacker’s name was John while the second name begins with â€Å"G†. He, therefore, embarks on an investigation to find John G. The plot of the film also details Leonard’s attempts to track down the second attacker with the name John G. The film develops in reverse sequence, showing the protagonist hot on the heels of a certain John G. He meets a man named Teddy whose full name turns out to be John Edward Gammell. Believing it is John G., he kills him. In the final black-and-white sequence, still in reverse, Leonard learns about another man, Jimmy Grantz and is told that he is a â€Å"John G† (memento, n.p.). Leonard proceeds to kill him. The film-makers have adopted a complicated narrative technique to tell the story. They present the film in two parts: the black-and-white section and color section. The black-and-white segment chronologically depicts Leonard as he hunts down his wife’s killer and ends when he kills Jimmy Grantz. The color segment, on the other hand, is presented in reverse. It begins with Leonard killing Teddy and works back in time to moment Leonard discovered that he had killed the wrong man, Jimmy Grantz (Memento, n.p.). Consequently, the events in the film are not presented chronologically as the two segments are intertwined throughout the movie. The film’s protagonist is Leonard Shelby. Leonard is hunting for his wife’s killer and the only clue he has is that the killer bears the name John and the second name begins

Role of the Police in Community Policing

Role of the Police in Community Policing Abstract Traditionally, law enforcement is called after a crime has already occurred. Law enforcement is designed to respond to emergency calls requiring a quick response, place criminals under arrest, conduct and follow-up on investigations, as well as routine neighborhood checks. When discussing community-oriented policing (COP), there is a broader police focus which is the prevention of crime and disorder. COP requires a more strategic approach to working in the community as the community and the Police are encouraged to come together and form a partnership in which both (community members and police) share a common goal of making the community safer. This paper is going to discuss the role of the police in community policing such as how and why community policing was developed, the role of the COP officer and how the COP officer and community can work together to make COP effective. The Role of the Police in Community Policing The concept of policing has been in existence for many years. The police are expected to perform many community duties that in the past were the responsibility of the local citizen such as: keeping the peace, handling emergency services, dealing with family problems, and helping during civil emergencies. But now police officers are called in to solve these social problems that citizens create. Due to this role conflict, more departments are adopting new models of policing that reflect this changing role. What is community policing? Community policing is a working relationship, between the police and local residents, with the mission to make the neighborhood a safer and better environment to live in and increase trust in the police (http://www.cops.usdoj.gov). By forming this relationship, the community and police work together on goals such as reducing crime in the neighborhood, reducing fear of crime and improving the quality of life in the community. With the cooperation of both the police and the community, community policing identifies problems of crime and chaos and then involve the community in finding solutions to reduce such and make the community and a better, safer neighborhood to live. Community policing goes beyond traditional policing as the police are no longer the sole protectors of the law and social order as all members of the community take an active part in the effort to enhance the safety and quality of neighborhoods. Community policing can be defined as the collaboration between the police and the community (residents) in which together they can identify and solve community issues. Together the residents and the police can encourage active citizen involvement in policing efforts, focus on issues of ongoing public concern, provide continuity of service to the community, develop, strengthen and/or build groups and organizations so residents can advocate for their own interests (www.cops.usdoj.gov). Although, community oriented policing is a partnership between the police and the community members, the police play a major role as the police officer is the foundation of community-oriented policing (Oliver, 2008). The officer’s goal/purpose is to educate the public about its local police department, maintain or increase public confidence and trust in law enforcement, decrease fear of crime, listening to and addressing citizen concerns, and implementing community programs together with community members in an effort to solve problems. Community oriented policing is also intended to encourage community participation and involvement. The values of community policing include developing lasting community partnerships and problem solving in collaboration with the community along with organizational change within the police department. Instead of only riding through the community responding to calls, some police departments have implemented community policing as a more collaborative approach with the community members in an effort to have better problem solving for the police and teach the citizens ways to better prepare, identify and prevent crime and fear of crime in the community. The police can play an active role in the COP by taking the lead in making sure the community safe. It is believed that if the police demonstrate an interest in the community, they will generate a better response from the community response as the citizens will look at the police more as allies rather than enemies. Below are ways that the police can demonstrate their concern for the community while building trust from the community members. In order for COP to be effective the following partnership tactics must work efficiently: Routine Patrol Routine patrol, whether on foot, car, or horseback, should be part of community outreach strategies to increase police visibility in an effort to reduce fear of crime or as a prevention measure for crime-reduction in a particular hot-spot neighborhood. This will also give the opportunity for the community members and officers to become more familiar with each other and also allow the police to have better insight of the community needs regarding crime deterrence. Information Sharing/Ongoing Communication p94 Community policing advocates for a consistent flow of information between law enforcement and the community, regarding potentially effective solutions to crime and disorder problems and various crime trends and patterns. As a result of sharing information, the police can be more proactive and focused on developing long term solutions to the citizen’s concerns rather than be reactive and wait until they are called to determine how to rectify a known problem Crime Prevention Programs The main objective of community crime prevention is to be proactive and bring awareness to community members/groups that may be a potential target for crime as well as open the lines of communication between the police and the community (Oliver, 2008). In most of the community crime prevention programs, the police facilitate the program, however needs the support of the community to support and participate in the programs in order for the program to be effective and successful. Social control The goal of social control is for the police and community to collaborate and work toward maintaining, enhancing, and restoring social control over the entire community. It is thought that if community members have an attachment or are dedicated to making the community a better and safer place, people would less likely commit a crime than those individuals who are lacking in one or more areas. The above programs should be utilized based on the community members’ needs and their perceptions of the local problems (Oliver, 2008). Whether implemented on their own or with the assistance of the police, the above mentioned programs must be created, implemented, and maintained with the assistance and cooperation of the community in order to remain relevant. In conclusion, Community oriented policing is both a philosophy and an organizational strategy that allows police and community residents to work closely together in new ways to solve the problems of crime, fear of crime, physical and social disorders, and neighborhood deterioration. Community-oriented policing is beneficial not only to the community and the police department but also the police officer (Oliver, 2008). References COPS: Community Oriented Policing Services (nd). Community Policing Defined. Retrieved on February 2, 2014 from http:// www.cops.usdoj.gov Oliver, W. (2008). Community-Oriented Policing. A Systemic Approach to Policing (4th Ed). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Jones: Accounts Receivable Essay

QUESTION 2 Jones Electrical, though having more rapid growth and expected to increase in future would need more than 250,000 to meet his needs. First of all he has to repay his ex partner after buying him out. Jones bought Dave Verdent, his former business partner out for $250,000. 00. His repayment plan was a $2000.00 per month with 8% interest per annum. The interest rate he is paying is relatively high and this means it will take Jones over ten years to repay this loan with an interest payment in excess of $200,000.00 in interest only. From the financial information provided in the Balance Sheet of Jones Electrical Distribution it shows that there was an increase in accounts receivables, inventory, property and equipment. This increase would permit an increase also in liabilities and equity to be able to finance the assets. On the other hand, the balance sheet also shows in increase in accounts payable, line of credit payable and accrued expenses. The above increases would therefore warrant financial assistance from the Bank for the expansion of the business. With the loan, Jones will be allowed more flexibility in the operations of the business. He will then be able to increase his assets in the form of inventory and capital, which in turn will result in his business being in a better position to finance its operations. In addition, Jones Electrical will be able to benefit from the trade discounts which are offered by his suppliers because this arrangement would allow him to pay his creditors. They need the loan to help the company manage and expand its operations and pay off his debts. QUESTION 3 With respect to the early payment discount of only 2%, it is advisable that the Company, continue to credit its supplies and make alternative arrangements with respect of repayment to its suppliers. The company needs cash and the discount of the 2% does not put the company in a better financial position. It is always important to inject equity so that your company will be able to increase its assets, which will eventually lead to an increase in sales and revenue. Another issue is that with respect to the proposed growth of the company, Jones had predicted forecasting in sales to increase significantly therefore the urgent need for a very large cash flow into the company would help significantly. In 2006 Metropolitan Branch Bank issued a loan of $250,000 to Jones in order to finance its growth in sales. Heavy credit dependency on suppliers will continue to draw request for larger loans and Jones must keep its line of credit at a lower rate to increase cash flows. The risk in issuing a $350,000 loan with a company of Jones size could be decreased in hope of creating a long term relationship. Also, the company has also lowered the Cash Conversion Cycle from 100.12 days (during 2005) to 95.01 days (during 2006). In 2005, days payable outstanding was around ten days and fell under the discount agreement with suppliers. In 2006, the number of days it was taking Jones to repay its suppliers had increased to 24. The nominal cost lost in forgoing the discount was 37.2% of cost of goods sold, or $67,600. QUESTION 4 The line of credit can be lowered also by using a home equity loan in which Mr. Jones home is put up for collateral if he fails to make the payments. The line of credit you receive would be the net worth of your house minus the mortgage amount left on your home, which would be, $199,000 less $117,000 giving you a total of $82,000. When acquiring about a $350,000 loan being able to reduce that price by$82,000 is quite significant. After accepting a large loan of $350,000, the president of Jones Electrical Distribution, is going to have to make cut backs and changes in everyday life Jones Electrical forecasts predicted that its sales would increase with favourable prospects and at the same time the company was in dire need of a significant cash inflow. It is however advisable that Jones Electrical accepts the offer made by Southern Bank and Trust despite the specific restrictions that would be placed on the Company. This offer would provide for long term financing of the company and as a result the limitations with respect to borrowing would eventually be removed, thus enabling the Company to utilize the credit line specifically if it foresees forecast would be favourable. With the increase in bank borrowing, this can contribute to a number of aspects. One main aspect is the increase in sales, which in turn will result in increase revenue. Increase in bank borrowing can result in a decrease in cash flow and this will help them repay the loan. Another area of concern for us is your collections policy. We feel that if you enforced a more strict collections policy that it would improve other areas of your finances. By the looks of it, it appears that the lack of enforcement has deducted your available cash which has forced an inhibiti on of payment during the discount period on your credit line.

Essay on Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as Modern Fantasy

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight as Modern Fantasy nbsp; Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, written by an unknown author in the 14th century, can be called a timeless work of poetry. It exudes a certain fantastic quality that, despite its age of over 500 years, still appeals to modern audiences. Because of this application to all eras, would it be reasonable to state that this poem could be classified with modern fantasy fiction? Because of the similarities in plot and style with so much modern fantasy, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight could be placed in the same category with that genre, though the uses of doing so are questionable. nbsp; In plot, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight has elements which are similar to much modern†¦show more content†¦From when the Green Knight is beheaded and proceeds to pick up his head, give a wicked grin, and say essentially, Ill see you in a year, (ll. 423-456) it is clear that magic will play in integral part in the narrative. The confirmation of enchantment by Morgan le Faye (ll. 2446-2462) finishes the plot as it began it: in a state of magical unreality. Such enchantment is typical of modern fantasy, particularly from writers of modern fairy tales. Indeed, Ellen Datlow and Terri Windling have essentially made their careers editing compilations of these tales, such as the popular Snow White, Blood Red and its several follow-ups. To increase the fairy-tale style feel of the story, the Green Knight is called an elf (ll. 680, 2461) and faery. (l. 240) There is clear indication that this can easily be called a fairy tale. nbsp; Stylistically, the visual and concrete nature of the poem lends itself to modern comparison as well. The delightful accounts of the changing of the seasons are in part to indicate the passage of time, but also add mood to the whole of the piece. Present-day fantasy writer Patricia McKillip has been critically lauded for lush imagery and stories described as atmospheric... and filled with rich imagery. Clearly the descriptions are an important part of the style that makes modernShow MoreRelatedSir Gawain And The Green Knight Essay1541 Words   |  7 PagesLiterature during the medieval period is where magic and the supernatural are constantly present: in otherworldly encounters such as when the knight Lanval meets the lady who becomes his love, in the strange adventures experienced by knights on quests as Sir Gawain does, and in mystical objects such as the green girdle given to Sir Gawain by Lady Bertilak. Without the magic and otherworldly circumstances that exist in these stories, none of them would have been interesting and they probably wouldn’tRead MoreThe Role of Women in Medieval Literature1344 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The assumption of anti-feminism Ã¥ ¤Å¡as become something of an article of faith when interpreting medieval English literature like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and The Canterbury Tales (Morgan 265). Heng concurs that there are textual assumptions that we now recognize, with the unfair judgment of hindsight, as implicated in a fantasy of textual closure and command, (500). The privilege of hindsight, does, however, offer the opportunity to explore the connections between historical social codesRead MoreAnalysis Of Sir Gawain And The Green Knight1054 Words   |  5 PagesIn his book The Discarded Image C.S. Lewis states that â€Å"the Middle Ages depended predominantly on books†¦reading was one way of the total culture.† To illustrate, imagine a young heroic knight, holding his sword in one hand and his shield in another. Standing in confidence, with a determined look upon his face before confronting his next challenge. Bravery is found in many interesting stories throughout the medieval ages. It is defined by Oxford Dictionaries as â€Å"courageous behavior or character† (OxfordRead MoreCharacteristics Of Medieval Romances2016 Words   |  9 Pagescharacteristics: knights, quests, a lady, magic, romance, Christianity, and of course King Arthur. There is actually much more to these stories than just â€Å"A knight goes on a quest. He meets a lady. And they all live happily ever after.† A reader needs to know what features to look out for in order to know for sure what kind of story he is reading. A Handbook to Literature by William Harmon and C. Hugh Holman says that a medieval romance is a tale of adventure that contains knights, kings, or distraughtRead More J.R.R. Tolkien Essay example1443 Words   |  6 PagesJ.R.R. Tolkien Merely mentioning the name J.R.R. Tolkien conjures up fantasies. Though his trilogy The Lord of the Rings is well known, not much else is known about the man who was a scholar before anything else. It is, in fact, the cult scale popularity of the trilogy that obscures the many accomplishments that marked his life. He won an exhibition, or a middle class merit scholarship, to Oxford University in 1911. By the time he attained his bachelor’s degree, he was conversant in seven languagesRead More J.R.R. Tolkien Essay895 Words   |  4 Pages(1892-1973) gained a reputation during the 1960’s and 1970’s as a cult figure among youths disillusioned with war and the technological age. 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As a result, it is difficult to make generalizations about medieval literature. It is, nonetheless, possible to identify a few general trends. Allegory and symbolism are common in medieval literature, perhaps more so than in modern writing. Religious and philosophical messages were often conveyed through the use of figures, such as the panther, an animal which represented Christ.  Old Norse  and Irish poetry often contains figures of baffling complexity which allowed listenersRead More C.S. Lewis on Misunderstanding Fantasy Essay4960 Words   |  20 PagesC.S. Lewis on Misunderstanding Fantasy â€Å"Good stories often introduce the marvelous or supernatural and nothing about Story has been so often misunderstood as this.† On Stories—C.S. Lewis The early decades of the last century saw the loss of credibility of fantasy literature among the academic elite who ruled it a popular genre with little to no scholarly merit. Little that had had the misfortune of being dubbed fantasy had escaped the blacklist cast upon the field. Many

Examining the capitalisation of operating leases - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2230 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? The International Accounting Standards Board is currently proposing that operating leases as well as finance leases are capitalized on the Statements of Financial Position (Balance Sheets) of lessees. This has caused a widespread debate between academics, regulators, the profession and users. Many of the arguments in favour of this treatment are based on the fact that it can be justified in terms of the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements, but there is no universal agreement with this view. 1.0 Introduction The IAS (International Accounting Standard) 17 prescribes for lessees are lessors the appropriate accounting policies and disclosures to apply in relation to finance and operating leases. The separate treatment of finance and operating leases since 1982 has triggered recent large debate and prompted the initiation of change and improvement. It is beneficial to use the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Financial Framework to highlight all crucial points of view in terms of users and highlight that there is no perfect, universal approach. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Examining the capitalisation of operating leases" essay for you Create order 1.1 Current Accounting Treatment of Leases The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) establish that a finance lease occurs when all of the risks and benefits of ownership are substantially transferred to the lessee (Delaney Whittington, 2010) from the lessor, as well as considering four important conditions; please see Appendix I for details and characteristics. Since the introduction of SSAP 21 the accounting treatment for a finance lease for the lessee is to recognise it as both an asset and liability on the Statements of Financial Position (balance sheet), these are, respectively, representing the lease and the lessor as a creditor to which payments are obliged to be paid. The difference between the minimum lease payments and the present value of the minimum payments is charged to the Statements of Comprehensive Income (income statement) as finance (interest) charges. This mirrors the treatment for the lessor; the lessee is shown as a debtor and the payments of the lease as income. All leases which do not satisfy the finance lease criteria are operating leases. For the lessee, the lease is reported on the income statement as rental income and the future liability of payments are fully disclosed in the footnotes of the financial statements. In contrast, the lessor shows the payments received as rental income in the income statement. Operating leases do not affect the balance sheet for the lessor or lessee. 1.2 The IASB Proposed Change In August 2010 the IASB published a proposal to change the future of leases through the capitalisation of operating leases. It has been estimated by Sir David Tweedie that $640 billion of lease obligations are annually excluded from the balance sheet by being classified as operating leases; this fails to provide users with a true impression of an entitys liabilities and gearing. This is a fundamental change in the transfer of risks and rewards approach by replacing it with the right of use model; the lessee will recognise the asset for their right of use from the lease and the liability for the commitment to maintain payments. (Durocher Fortin, 2010). The Financial Framework The IASB Financial Framework can be utilised to analyse both the accounting standards in place and the proposed changes for both theoretical and practical purposes. It applies essential concepts that underlie both the preparation and presentation of financial statements for external users (Belverd Powers, 2009; IAS, 2010) which evaluates accounting standards as a guide to ensure standards are relevant and reliable. 2.1 The Objectives of Financial Reporting The users of financial accounts are the investors, creditors and other groups and individuals outside and inside the company who must make economic decisions based on these statements (Porter Norton, 2009). The underlying objective of the reports is to provide the users with a true and fair view of the financial position, performance and changes in financial position that is informative in decision making (Benny, 2005). Through capitalising operating leases onto the balance sheet more information will be readily available to lenders; they will be able to evaluate the long-term financial commitments and make superior estimations on the level of risk involved. Lenders will not be able to form reliable, accurate decisions if material the measurement and admission of all information accessible on the financial statements (Schroeder et al, 2010) operating leases are kept off of the balance sheet. Lessees often choose to disclose the operating lease on the income statement to avoid a decrease on their accounting ratios, particularly the gearing ratio which is most vital to investors to show a companys ability to repay their debt. However, this is not recognising all financial assets and liabilities. 2.2. Qualitative Characteristics The IASB have four key characteristics which ascertain the value and use of the financial information for the users, these are; reliability, relevance, comparability and understandability (Elliot Elliot, 2008). 2.2.1 Relevance of Financial Statements The relevance of financial accounts is how competent an entity is at presenting their financial information to aid users form predictions upon the outcome of future events (Clyde et al, 2009). The information is required to be relevant to something depending on the users need or decision; this can include lenders for investment decisions. If operating leases are not capitalised, assets and liabilities may be overstated as well as investor decisions based on the companys liquidity, ability to pay and financial performance will be formed upon limited information. A study carried out by Williams, Chen Tearney (1991) found private business bankers prefer leases to be capitalised onto the balance sheet as they were extensively more relevant and significantly more cost-effective (Durocher Fortin, 2010). 2.2.2 Reliability of Financial Statements Financial statements are deemed to be reliable if they are free from material error, give a true and fair view which is free from bias, is capable of verification and can be depended upon (Cairns, 2002). The IAS 17 states the classification of a lease depends on the substance of the transaction rather than the form, this should be the focal consideration which affects the accounting treatment of leases. The Framework adopts the prudence concept to ensure assets are not overstated and liabilities are not understated, this is a neutral approach under uncertain conditions. Operating leases which are disclosed within the lessees income statement will not be dependable for users of the accounts as it ignores the future liability, forward-looking accounting and the heuristic method (rule of thumb) which exceedingly overstates impending lease liabilities (Imhoff, 1993; Kilpatrick Wilburn, 2006). The capitalisation of all leases will improve the reliability and accuracy of financial ac counts and evaluations made upon these including more realistic ratios. Duke Hsieh (2006) state that operating leases can be used to hide billions of liabilities from investors, report favourable net income and retained earnings, and present a significantly improved debt/equity ratio and a rosier return on assets ratio, this may be due to the bias of the creator or manager of the financial accounts to make them more attractive. This greatly supports the proposed recognition of operating leases with the same treatment as finance leases so all leases, regardless of monetary value, are on the balance sheet to avoid under- or overstating assets and liabilities for the purpose of users decisions. 2.2.3 Comparability of Financial Statements It is valuable for the users of financial statements to be able to compare a companys financial performance and position trends over time and against other entities (Rolfe, 2008). The IASB proposal to capitalise all leases will provide companies with strict rule-based procedures to follow in order to adhere with the standards; this uniformity and consistency across all companies will allow users, such as investors, to compare crucial figures including the gearing ratio and their long term financial commitments to make superior informed decisions. It will also allow managers to compare their financial information with competitors to improve internally. If operating leases continue to be disclosed on the income statement the users are unable to view the material value of individual leases. Supporting this, Berry Robertson (2006) found that bankers feel that incorporating off-balance sheet information into the balance sheet will improve investment evaluations for users and thus, t his will progress the accounting stability across all industries. 2.2.4 Understandability of Financial Statements The business entities are responsible to provide financial statements that are readily available for users who are believed to have sufficient knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting, as well as a willingness and responsibility to study the provided information with a reasonable diligence (Booysen et al, 2008; McCrary, 2009). Financial statements are not prepared for lay users and the business must be aware of their users to make their information valuable and useful. Investors are less likely to pay more attention to operating leases which only feature on the income statement when making investment decisions as they are not fully aware of the lease as a whole. Lessees may not wish to recognise all of their leases onto the balance sheet as it reveals further information which they may not want their competition to be aware of as it increases the risk of their business and it may deter those who are able to critically comprehend the financial information. 2.3 The Elements of Financial Statements The fundamental elements of financial statements are those of asset and liability since each of the other elements are defined in terms of its relationship to an entitys assets or liabilities (Melville, 2008). An asset can be defined as one which provides future economic benefit to the business as well as gaining absolute control over the asset (Epstein Jermakowicz, 2010; Mard et al, 2010); an operating lease satisfies this criterion and therefore should be recognised onto the balance sheet to provide users with a true and fair view of the financial position of an entity. Although this will disrupt the lessees profitability and it is argued by Goodacre (2003) that off-balance sheet operating lease are shown to be a major source of finance and are more important than on-balance sheet long-term debt. Yet, in opposition to Goodacre, an operating lease should be capitalised as it also fulfils the definition of a liability; a present obligation resulting from a past event (IAS 37). Disclosing an operating lease ignores the accrual concept of looking at future financial commitments to maintain the lessees ownership on the lease over a specific period of time. 2.4 Recognition of the Financial Elements A financial element should be recognised onto the balance sheet as soon as the entity has engaged in the contractual provisions of the instrument (Gowthorpe, 2007). An asset must feature on the balance sheet if it complies with three conditions; a past event to acquire the asset, future economic benefits and the entity must have ownership and control. A finance lease certainly fulfils these measures and an operating lease also; the lessee entered into a contract with the lessor to benefit from the use of an asset whilst retaining the control and responsibility for the agreed period. By recognising the lease onto the balance sheet users are able to have an enhanced reflection over the economic benefits of ownership and it allows the entity to manage their balance of assets and liabilities. 2.5 Measurement of Financial Elements The IAS 39 (to be replaced in 2013 with the IFRS 9) details that financial elements should be measured at fair value; the IFRS 7 supplements this rule as entities are to disclose their financial instruments. This enables users to evaluate the impact upon the financial performance and position of the entity; it measures the possible risk exposure, improves transparency and the overall quality of information (Everyingham et al, 2008; Zyla, 2009). The fair value of the leases at the time of commencement is capitalised onto the balance sheet in accordance with the substance over form principle, at present, operating leases do not conform to this (Booysen, 2008). If operating leases are capitalised onto the balance sheet it will adversely affect up to nine major financial ratios, particularly the gearing ratio, which are mainly used by bankers for investment decisions (Beattie et al, 1998). For this reason it is beneficial for entities to disclose these within their income to avoid t horough assessment of risk by users of the financial statements. Oswald (2000) discussed that the introduction of the capitalisation of leases must consider the exchange of cost-benefit between the disclosure and recognition of leases, therefore the increased transparency may initially have detrimental effect on the lessees, yet for long-term finance it will improve consistency and reliability of the financial statements. 3.0 Conclusion It has been confirmed that the current, almost arbitrary, treatment of leases has never been adequate to satisfy both regulators and users of financial statements (Durocher Fortin, 2010; Lyon, 2010). The majority of research has agreed with the IASB proposal to capitalise operating leases to be consistent with finance leases; this will simplify the accounting concept whilst being in accordance with the treatment of financial instruments, and prevent possible accounting schemes to disclose material leases on the income statement. Although, it may significantly affect the financial ratios of specialised industries such as the airline industry that rely on short-term operating leases to rapidly adjust their capacity in relation to demand (Sutton, 2004), the long term benefits will outweigh this. The improved, accurate balance sheet will provide users with greater transparency and further information to aid decision making so it is more reliable and less risky. The IASB is encouraged to adopt the suitable right-of-use model to account for an operating lease on the balance sheet; the marginal administration burden on companies does not overshadow the benefits of comparability and consistency with accounting standards and treatment.